Document Type

Dissertation

Degree

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Major/Program

Dietetics and Nutrition

First Advisor's Name

Dr. Fatma Huffman

First Advisor's Committee Title

Committee Chair

Second Advisor's Name

Dr. Adriana Campa

Second Advisor's Committee Title

Committee Member

Third Advisor's Name

Dr. Catherine Coccia

Third Advisor's Committee Title

Committee Member

Fourth Advisor's Name

Dr. Florence George

Fourth Advisor's Committee Title

Committee Member

Keywords

Fiber, Saturated Fat, Monounsaturated Fat, Race/Ethnicity, Sex, Type 2 Diabetes, NHANES 2017-2018 Data

Date of Defense

11-9-2022

Abstract

The prevalence of diabetes has increased for all races/ ethnicities. The prevention of diabetes and its complications is significantly associated to dietary intake. The relationship between dietary intakes of fiber, monosaturated fat, and saturated fat with fasting plasma glucose (FPG), insulin, total cholesterol, and glycohemoglobin (HbA1C) among U.S. adults age 40 years and older with and without diabetes were studied. Sex and race/ethnicity differences were also analyzed. The analysis was included participants age 40 years and older since type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome are more prevalent at these age groups. 2017-2018 cycle of NHANES data set (N= 2792) were used. The aim was to find if dietary intakes of fiber, monosaturated fat, and saturated fat differed by race/ethnicity and sex for the persons with and without diabetes. The aim of the study was to determine if there were any relationship between race/ethnicity and sex with biomarkers of total cholesterol, HbA1C, FPG, and insulin for persons with and without diabetes. This dissertation assessed whether there was any relationship between dietary intakes of fiber, monosaturated fat, and saturated fat with fasting plasma glucose (FPG), insulin, total cholesterol, and glycohemoglobin (HbA1C). The participants with diabetes, n=350 were males, and n=278 were females. All data were analyzed using SPSS for complex samples, version 28 using the appropriate sample weights with a sample plan developed using strata and units. The General Linear Model for complex samples was run. For subjects with diabetes, MA, and NHA consumed more fiber (g/ 1000 kcal/day) than NHW. The magnitudes of effects were as follows: MA [B=3.97 (1.78, 6.17); p=0.002], and NHA [B=4.69(0.63, 8.75); p=0.026]. For the group without diabetes, OH, MA, and NHA consumed more fiber (g/1000 kcal/day) than NHW. The magnitudes of effects were as follows: OH [B=1.68 (0.75, 2.61); p=0.001]; MA [B=2.92 (1.49, 4.35); pp

Identifier

FIDC010879

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