Document Type

Dissertation

Degree

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Major/Program

Public Health

First Advisor's Name

Nasar Ahmed

First Advisor's Committee Title

Committee Chair

Second Advisor's Name

Vukosava Pekovic

Second Advisor's Committee Title

Committee member

Third Advisor's Name

Quentin Felty

Third Advisor's Committee Title

Committee member

Fourth Advisor's Name

Changwon Yoo

Fourth Advisor's Committee Title

Committee member

Keywords

Triple-negative breast cancer, disparities, determinants, survival

Date of Defense

11-2-2015

Abstract

A significant racial disparity in breast cancer mortality exists among women in the United States. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a breast cancer phenotype that may explain, in part, this disparity between white and African American women. The objective of this study was to determine the predictors of survival in TNBC and non-triple-negative breast cancer (NTNBC) patients.

Data on 168,756 female patients with a diagnosis of invasive breast cancer in the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program were stratified based on breast cancer receptor phenotypes in this retrospective longitudinal cohort study design. Multiple logistic regressions were used for exploring predictors of treatment which showed that not receiving surgery as standard treatment was associated (odds ratio: 95% CI) with TNBC (OR 1.151: 1.042, 1.177), uninsured (OR 3.552: 3.206, 3.937) and African American (OR 1.804: 1.702, 1.912) while not receiving radiation was associated with TNBC (OR 1.151: 1.113, 1.190), uninsured (OR 1.318; 1.217, 1.429). Cox’s hazard models were used, regressing age, race, ethnicity, marital status, health insurance status, histological tumor grade, and treatment status on survival time, the outcome measure.

Analysis revealed that the mean survival time is lower for TNBC [15.60 (± 10.29)] months compared with NTNBC [16.01 (± 10.18)] (p < 0.0001), a difference though small is statistically significant. The independent determinants of survival in TNBC were: young age at diagnosis [(β = 0.033, HR 1.033 (1.026, 1.041)]; being African American [(β = 0.182, HR 1.200 (1.117, 1.289)], being married [(β = - 0.362, HR 0.697 (0.658, 0.737)]; higher tumor histological grades [β = 1.034, HR 2.812 (2.159,3.661)]; uninsured [(β = 0.541, HR 1.717 (1.481, 1.992)]; no surgery [(β = 2.156, HR 8.633 (8.152, 9.143)], or no radiation treatment [(β = 0.489, HR 1.630 (1.535,1.73)].

African American race, uninsured status, higher grade at diagnosis, inadequate treatment are independent predictors of poor survival among breast cancer patients; importantly, TNBC had a lower survival than that of NTNBC patients. A higher proportion of TNBC patients had a diagnosis at younger age, with higher tumor grade and was of the African American race. The survival disparity in African American patients may be partially explained by disproportionately higher TNBC cases among them, as well as, rates of not receiving standard treatments.

Identifier

FIDC000206

Included in

Epidemiology Commons

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