Rescue of cells from apoptosis increases DNA repair in UVB exposed cells: implications for the DNA damage response

Authors

Mahsa Karbaschi, Oxidative Stress Group, University of Leicester; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Florida International UniversityFollow
Salvador Macip, University of Leicester
Vilas Mistry, Oxidative Stress Group, University of Leicester
Hussein H.K. Abbas, University of Leicester
George J. Delinassios, The Kings College
Mark D. Evans, Oxidative Stress Group, University of Leicester ; De Montfort University
Anthony R. Young, The Kings College
Marcus Cooke, Oxidative Stress Group, University of Leicester and Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Florida International UniversityFollow

Date of this Version

2015

Document Type

Article

Abstract

Classically, the nucleotide excision repair (NER) of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD) is a lengthy process (t_1/2 > 48 h). Using the T4 endonuclease V-modified comet assay, we uniquely found a far more rapid repair of UVA-induced CPD (t_1/2 = 4.5 h) in human skin keratinocytes. The repair of UVB-induced CPD began to slow within 1 h of irradiation, causing damage to persist for over 36 h. A similar trend was noted for the repair of oxidatively-modified purine nucleobases. Supportive of this differential repair, we noted an up-regulation of key genes associated with NER in UVA-irradiated cells, whereas the same genes were down regulated in UVB-irradiated cells. There were no significant differences in cell viability between the two treatments over the first 6 h post-irradiation, but after 24 h apoptosis had increased significantly in the UVB-irradiated cells. The role of apoptosis was confirmed using a pan-caspase inhibitor, which increased CPD repair, similar to that seen with UVA. These data indicate that the cellular ‘decision’ for apoptosis/DNA repair occurs far earlier than previously understood, and that the induction of apoptosis leads to lesion persistence, and not vice versa. This also highlights a new, potential increased carcinogenic risk from UVA-induced DNA damage as, rather than undergoing apoptosis, high levels of damage are tolerated and repaired, with the attendant risk of mutation.

Comments

Post Print Version.

Originally published in Toxicology Research.

Identifier

FIDC006315

Rights

default

Recommended Citation

Karbaschi, Mahsa; Macip, Salvador; Mistry, Vilas; Abbas, Hussein H.K.; Delinassios, George J.; Evans, Mark D.; Young, Anthony R.; and Cooke, Marcus, "Rescue of cells from apoptosis increases DNA repair in UVB exposed cells: implications for the DNA damage response" (2015). Environmental Health Sciences. 3.
https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/eoh_fac/3