Organometallic rhenium dyes for nitric oxide detection and imaging
Abstract
The importance of sensing Nitric Oxide (NO) in physiology and medicine has led us to explore the reactivity of NO with organometallic Re dyes. Rhenium complexes were synthesized with the ability to react with NO and sense it under physiological conditions. Fluorescent 1,10-phenantroline complexes (phen)Re(PPh3)(CO)2OSO2CF 3 (1) and (phen)Re(CH3CN)(CO)2OSO2CF 3 (3) can sense NO in the range of 10 - 150 mM showing a decrease in fluorescence response at 514 nm and 532 nm respectively, upon NO-donor addition (lexc = 360 nm). (phen)Re(THF)(CO)2OSO2CF 3 (2) showed a ratiometric response with a decrease in fluorescence intensity at 585 nm and an increase at 445 nm. These complexes were characterized by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and 19F-NMR. The quantum yields (F) and lifetimes (t) were also determined. On the basis of 19F-NMR and 1H-NMR spectroscopic evidence, the proposed mechanism of action involves dissociation of CF3SO3- (abbreviated as OTf-) together with PPh3, (for 1), THF (for 2), or CH3CN (for 3). Fluorescence microscopy showed that 1 permeates through the cell membrane of rat aortic endothelial cells (RAOEC) and 2 gives increase in cell fluorescence response at 450 nm when exogenous NO is added to RAOEC. The Re complexes of dppz (dppz = 2,2’-dipyrido[3,2-a:2,3’-c]phenazine) (dppz)Re(THF)(CO) 2OSO2CF3 (A2) and (dppz)Re(CH3CN)(CO)2OSO 2CF3) (A3) were synthesized using the same methods as for complexes 1 and 3. Even though the dppz complexes exhibited similar behavior than the phenanthroline analogs, the signal changes were small and the results were inconclusive. The a-Diimine Re complexes of Xy-DAD (XyDAD = 1,4-bis-[2,6-dimethylphenyl]-1,4-diazo-1,3-butadiene) (Xy-DAD)Re(THF)(CO)2OSO2CF3 (8) and (Xy-DAD)Re(CH 3CN)(CO)2OSO2CF3 (9) showed reactivity with NO and CN- with a response in the visible range of the absorption spectrum. These diazadiene (DAD) complexes showed decreased reactivity with NO and CN- in the presence of oxidants. The i-PrDAD complexes ( i-PrDAD = 1,4-bis-[2,6-diisopropylphenyl]-1,4-diazo-1,3-butadiene) (i-Pr-DAD)Re(THF)(CO)2OTf (10) and (i -Pr-DAD)Re(CH3CN)(CO)2OTf (11) exhibited similar behavior with the Xy-DAD analogs, but the spectral changes were much smaller and the results were inconclusive. The ESI-MS Mass Spectrometry studies of the phenanthroline complexes 1, and 2, after reaction with NO-donor showed that 1 and 2 react with NO to give [Re(CO)2(NO)2S 2]+ species, while (phen)Re(CO)3Cl and (phen)Re(CO) 3OSO2CF3 do not show any metal-NO containing products, which is consistent with the fluorescence studies.
Subject Area
Analytical chemistry|Inorganic chemistry
Recommended Citation
Lozano-Lewis, Lissette Irene, "Organometallic rhenium dyes for nitric oxide detection and imaging" (2015). ProQuest ETD Collection for FIU. AAI10165991.
https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/dissertations/AAI10165991