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Document Type

Conference Proceedings

Abstract

Objective: In patients with and without diabetes, how do GLP-1RAs affect cardiovascular, renal and metabolic risk factors? Methods: Study design: Scoping literature review. Time frame: A PubMed search was conducted on October 22nd, 2025, using the terms “Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists,” “"diabetes mellitus, type 2,” "weight loss,” "cardiovascular risk,” "renal protection, and “menopause.” Clinical trials, randomized controlled trials, and observational studies published between 2016 and 2025 that included patients with or without diabetes were reviewed to capture current evidence on GLP-1RA indications. 50 articles were then selected based on title relevance. Risk of bias was assessed qualitatively by reviewing sample size, blinding methods, and subgroup analyses. Results: All studies reviewed favored GLP-1RA therapy, demonstrating statistically and clinically significant weight loss compared with control groups, averaging 5-9% of total bodyweight. Treatment with GLP-1RAs was associated with a decreased risk of major cardiovascular events (MACE) in the SOUL, LEADER, and SELECT trials. Additionally, studies in postmenopausal women demonstrated decreased expression of RANK/RANKL and bone density preservation, suggesting possible positive effects in osteoporosis. Across six studies involving approximately 48,000 participants, GLP-1RAs showed reno-protective effects, such as slowed eGFR decline, reduced albuminuria, and lower mortality in CKD patients. Conclusion: Current indications of GLP-1RAs continue to expand as emerging evidence shows their benefit in multiple risk factors common to patients with and without type 2 diabetes. Additional research is needed to define the extent to which GLP-1RAs improve outcomes in heart failure, the development of osteoporosis in menopause, and slow the progression of CKD.

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