Social and Environmental Regulation of Signal Plasticity and Signal Reliability in the Electric Fish Brachyhypopomus gauderio

Authors

Sat Gavassa Becerra, Florida International UniversityFollow

Document Type

Dissertation

Degree

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Major/Program

Biology

First Advisor's Name

Philip K. Stoddard

First Advisor's Committee Title

Committee Chair

Second Advisor's Name

Zhenmin Chen

Third Advisor's Name

William Crampton

Fourth Advisor's Name

Fernando Noriega

Fifth Advisor's Name

Michael Heithaus

Keywords

electric fish, honesty, signaling, animal communication, androgens, phenotypic integration, competition, index

Date of Defense

6-28-2012

Abstract

The balance between the costs and benefits of conspicuous signals ensures that the expression of those signals is related to the quality of the bearer. Plastic signals could enable males to maximize conspicuous traits to impress mates and competitors, but reduce the expression of those traits to minimize signaling costs, potentially compromising the information conveyed by the signals.

I investigated the effect of signal enhancement on the information coded by the biphasic electric signal pulse of the gymnotiform fish Brachyhypopomus gauderio. Increases in population density drive males to enhance the amplitude of their signals. I found that signal amplitude enhancement improves the information about the signaler’s size. Furthermore, I found that the elongation of the signal’s second phase conveys information about androgen levels in both sexes, gonad size in males and estrogen levels in females. Androgens link the duration of the signal’s second phase to other androgen-mediated traits making the signal an honest indicator of reproductive state and aggressive motivation.

Signal amplitude enhancement facilitates the assessment of the signaler’s resource holding potential, important for male-male interactions, while signal duration provides information about aggressive motivation to same-sex competitors and reproductive state to the opposite sex. Moreover, I found that female signals also change in accordance to the social environment. Females also increase the amplitude of their signal when population density increases and elongate the duration of their signal’s second phase when the sex ratio becomes female-biased. Indicating that some degree of sexual selection operates in females.

I studied whether male B. gauderio use signal plasticity to reduce the cost of reproductive signaling when energy is limited. Surprisingly, I found that food limitation promotes the investment in reproduction manifested as signal enhancement and elevated androgen levels. The short lifespan and single breeding season of B. gauderio diminishes the advantage of energy savings and gives priority to sustaining reproduction. I conclude that the electric signal of B. gauderio provides reliable information about the signaler, the quality of this information is reinforced rather than degraded with signal enhancement.

Identifier

FI12080606

Recommended Citation

Gavassa Becerra, Sat, "Social and Environmental Regulation of Signal Plasticity and Signal Reliability in the Electric Fish Brachyhypopomus gauderio" (2012). FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 687.
https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/687