External State Actors and Irregular Migration in Latin America: Assessing Chinese, Russian, and Iranian Patterns

This report examines the increasing flows of irregular migrants from China, Russia, and Iran through Latin America to the United States, focusing on potential security risks, state involvement, and connections to transnational criminal organizations. It builds on previous migration studies, offering a detailed examination of how these external state actors might intersect with migration patterns while highlighting their distinct drivers, methods, and security implications for the Western Hemisphere.