\newcommand{\etalchar}[1]{$^{#1}$}
\begin{thebibliography}{KGWW08b}

\bibitem[ADJE06]{Arya2006}
Ali Arya, Steve DiPaola, Lisa Jefferies, and James~T. Enns.
\newblock {Socially Communicative Characters for Interactive Applications}.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Graphics,
Visualization and Computer Vision (WSCG'06)}, Plzen, Czech Republic,
2006. UNION Agency – Science Press.

\bibitem[AFB{\etalchar{+}}13]{Alexander2013}
Oleg Alexander, Graham Fyffe, Jay Busch, Xueming Yu, Ryosuke Ichikari, Andrew
Jones, Paul Debevec, Jorge Jimenez, Etienne Danvoye, Bernardo Antionazzi,
Mike Eheler, Zybnek Kysela, and Javier Pahlen.
\newblock {Digital Ira: Creating a Real-Time Photoreal Digital Actor}.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH'13}, page~4. ACM, 2013.

\bibitem[AL13]{Amini2013}
Reza Amini and Christine Lisetti.
\newblock {HapFACS: an Open Source API/Software to Generate FACS-Based
Expressions for ECAs Animation and for Corpus Generation}.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of the Fifth Biannual Humaine Association Conference on
Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction (ACII'13)}, pp 270--275, Geneva,
Switzerland, 2013. IEEE Computer Society.

\bibitem[All02]{Allwood2002}
Jens Allwood.
\newblock {Bodily Communication Dimensions of Expression and Content}.
\newblock {\em Multimodality in Language and Speech Systems}, 7(26):pp 1--15,
2002.

\bibitem[ALY14]{Amini2014}
Reza Amini, Christine Lisetti, and Ugan Yasavur.
\newblock {Emotionally Responsive Virtual Counselor for Behavior-Change Health
Interventions}.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on
Design Science Research in Information Systems and Technology (DESRIST),
LNCS8463}, pp 433--437, Miami, FL, 2014. Springer International Publishing
Switzerland.

\bibitem[ALYR13]{Amini2013a}
Reza Amini, Christine Lisetti, Ugan Yasavur, and Naphtali Rishe.
\newblock {On-Demand Virtual Health Counselor for Delivering Behavior-Change
Health Interventions}.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Healthcare Informatics 2013
(ICHI'13)}, pp 46--55, Philadelphia, PA, USA, 2013. IEEE.

\bibitem[AN14]{Alencar2014}
M\'{a}rcio Alencar and Jos\'{e}~Francisco Netto.
\newblock {TUtor Collaborator Using Multi-Agent System}.
\newblock {\em Collaboration Technologies and Social Computing},
460 (Communications in Computer and Information Science):153--159, 2014.

\bibitem[AR92]{Ambady1992}
N.~Ambady and Robert Rosenthal.
\newblock {Thin Slices of Expressive Behavior as Predictors of Interpersonal
Consequences: a Meta-Analysis.}
\newblock {\em Psychological Bulletin}, 111(2):256--274, 1992.

\bibitem[ARL{\etalchar{+}}09]{Alexander2009}
Oleg Alexander, Mike Rogers, William Lambeth, Matt Chiang, and Paul Debevec.
\newblock {Creating a Photoreal Digital Actor: The Digital Emily Project}.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of the Conference for Visual Media Production (CVMP'09)}, pp
176--187. IEEE Computer Society, November 2009.

\bibitem[AWL11]{Arrington2011}
Carl Arrington, Dale-Marie Wilson, and Lorrie Lehmann.
\newblock {Improving Performance and Retention in Computer Science Courses
Using a Virtual Game Show}.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of the 49th Annual Southeast Regional Conference
on ACM-SE'11}, page 320, New York, New York, USA, 2011. ACM Press.

\bibitem[AYL12]{Amini2012}
Reza Amini, Ugan~Yasavur, and Christine~L. Lisetti.
\newblock {HapFACS 1.0: Software/API for Generating FACS-Based Facial
Expressions}.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of the ACM 3rd International Symposium on Facial
Analysis and Animation (FAA'12)}, Article 17, Vienna, AUSTRIA, 2012. ACM Press.

\bibitem[BAD02]{Burke2002}
B.~L. Burke, H.~Arkowitz, and C.~Dunn.
\newblock {The Efficacy of Motivational Interviewing and Its Adaptation}.
\newblock In {\em Motivational Interviewing: Preparing People for Change},
pages 217--250. Guilford Press, New-York,NY, 2nd edition, 2002.

\bibitem[BAW09]{Becker-Asano2009}
Christian Becker-Asano and Ipke Wachsmuth.
\newblock {Affective Computing with Primary and Secondary Emotions in a Virtual
Human}.
\newblock {\em Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems}, 20(1):32--49, May
2009.

\bibitem[BBA07]{Boukricha2007}
Hana Boukricha and Christian Becker-Asano.
\newblock {Simulating Empathy for the Virtual Human Max}.
\newblock In {Dirk Reichardt} and Paul Levi, editors, {\em Proceedings of the
2nd Workshop at KI2007 on Emotion and Computing – Current Research and
Future Impact}, pp 23--28, Osnabr\"{u}ck, Germany, 2007.

\bibitem[BBBL01]{Bailenson2001}
Jeremy~N. Bailenson, Jim Blascovich, Andrew~C. Beall, and Jack~M. Loomis.
\newblock {Equilibrium Theory Revisited : Mutual Gaze and Personal Space}.
\newblock {\em Presence}, 10(6):583--598, 2001.

\bibitem[BBLM86]{Bavelas1986}
Janet~Beavin Bavelas, Alex Black, Charles~R. Lemery, and Jennifer Mullett.
\newblock {``I Show How You Feel" - Motor Mimicry as a Communicative Act}.
\newblock {\em Journal of Personality and Social Psychology}, 50(2):322--329,
1986.

\bibitem[BBLM87]{Bavelas1987}
Janet~Beavin Bavelas, Alex Black, Charles~R. Lemery, and Jennifer Mullett.
\newblock {Empathy and its Developement}.
\newblock In Nancy Eisenberg and Janet Strayer, editors, {\em Motor Mimicry as
Primitive Empathy}, pages 317--338. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge,
UK, 1987.

\bibitem[BCL00]{Battista2000}
S.~Battista, F.~Casalino, and C.~Lande.
\newblock {MPEG-4: a Multimedia Standard for the Third Millennium, Part 1.}
\newblock In {\em IEEE Multimedia}, volume~7, pages 74--83. IEEE, 2000.

\bibitem[BES10]{Baccianella2010}
Stefano Baccianella, Andrea Esuli, and Fabrizio Sebastiani.
\newblock {SENTIWORDNET 3.0: An Enhanced Lexical Resource for Sentiment
Analysis and Opinion Mining}.
\newblock In Daniel~Tapias {Nicoletta Calzolari, Khalid Choukri, Bente
Maegaard, Joseph Mariani, Jan Odijk, Stelios Piperidis, Mike Rosner}, editor,
{\em Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Language
Resources and Evaluation (LREC'10)}, volume~0, pages 2200--2204, Valletta,
Malta, 2010. European Language Resources Association (ELRA).

\bibitem[Beu11]{Beutl2011}
Leon Beutl.
\newblock {\em {A Simulation for the Creation of Soft-Looking, Realistic Facial
Expressions}}.
\newblock Master thesis, University of Wien, 2011.

\bibitem[BFA09]{Bee2009}
Nikolaus Bee, Bernhard Falk, and Elisabeth Andre.
\newblock {Simplified Facial Animation Control Utilizing Novel Input Devices:
A Comparative Study}.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on
Intelligent User Interfaces (IUI'09)}, pp 197--206, Sanibel Island,
Florida, USA, 2009. ACM.

\bibitem[BFS87]{Batson1987}
C.~D. Batson, J.~Fultz, and P.~A. Schoenrade.
\newblock {Adults' Emotional Reactions to the Distress of Others}.
\newblock In N.~Eisenberg and J.~Strayer, editors, {\em Empathy and its
Development}, pages 163--185. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1987.

\bibitem[BG92]{Babor1992}
Thomas~F. Babor and Marcus Grant.
\newblock {Programme on Substance Abuse: Project on Identification and
Management of Alcohol-Related Problems. Report on Phase II, a Randomized
Clinical Trial of Brief Interventions in Primary Health Care}.
\newblock Technical Report, World Health Organization (WHO), 1992.

\bibitem[BH02]{Biocca2002}
Frank Biocca and Chad Harms.
\newblock {Defining and Measuring Social Presence: Contribution to the
Networked Minds Theory and Measure}.
\newblock {\em Proceedings of PRESENCE}, 2002(517):1--36, 2002.

\bibitem[BH05]{Beaupre2005}
M.~G. Beaupre and U.~Hess.
\newblock {Cross-cultural Emotion Recognition Among Canadian Ethnic Groups}.
\newblock {\em Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology}, 36:355--370, 2005.

\bibitem[BHBSM01]{Babor2001}
Thomas~F. Babor, John~C. Higgins-Biddle, John~B. Saunders, and Maristela~G.
Monteiro.
\newblock {\em {AUDIT: The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test.
Guidelines for Use in Primary Health Care}}.
\newblock World Health Organization (WHO), Department of Mental Health and Substance
Dependence, 2 edition, 2001.

\bibitem[BIC{\etalchar{+}}07]{Benamara2007}
Farah Benamara, Sabatier Irit, Carmine Cesarano, Napoli Federico, and Diego
Reforgiato.
\newblock {Sentiment Analysis: Adjectives and Adverbs are Better than
Adjectives Alone}.
\newblock {\em In Proceedings of International Conference on Weblogs and Social Media}, pp 1--4,
2007.

\bibitem[{Bie}93]{BienMiller1993}
JS. {Bien TH., and Miller WR., and Tonigan}.
\newblock {Brief Interventions for Alcohol Problems: A Review.}
\newblock {\em Addiction}, 88:315--336, 1993.

\bibitem[BKC08]{Bartneck2008}
Christoph Bartneck, Dana Kulic, and Elizabeth Croft.
\newblock {Measuring the Anthropomorphism, Animacy, Likeability, Perceived
Intelligence and Perceived Safety of Robots}.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of the Metrics for Human-Robot Interaction
Workshop in Affiliation with the 3rd ACM/IEEE International Conference on
Human-Robot Interaction (HRI'08), Technical Report 471}, volume 471, pp
37--44, Amsterdam, 2008. University of Hertfordshire.

\bibitem[BL07]{Bradley2007}
Margaret~M. Bradley and P.~J. Lang.
\newblock {The International Affective Digitized Sounds Affective Ratings of
Sounds and Instruction Manual}.
\newblock {\em Emotion}, pp 29--46, 2007.

\bibitem[Bla05]{Blair2005}
R.~J.~R. Blair.
\newblock {Responding to the Emotions of Others: Dissociating Forms of Empathy
Through the Study of Typical and Psychiatric Populations}.
\newblock {\em Consciousness and Cognition}, 14(4):698--718, December 2005.

\bibitem[BLL{\etalchar{+}}04]{Bartlett2004}
M.S. Bartlett, G.~Littlewort, C.~Lainscsek, I.~Fasel, and J.~Movellan.
\newblock {Machine Learning Methods for Fully Automatic Recognition of Facial
Expressions and Facial Actions}.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and
Cybernetics (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37583)}, volume~1, pp 592--597. IEEE, 2004.

\bibitem[BM91]{Bellet1991}
P.~S. Bellet and M.~J. Maloney.
\newblock {The Importance of Empathy as an Interviewing Skill in Medicine}.
\newblock {\em JAMA: the Journal of the American Medical Association},
266(13):1831--2, October 1991.

\bibitem[Bou13]{Boukricha2013}
Hana Boukricha.
\newblock {\em {Simulating Empathy in Virtual Humans}}.
\newblock Ph.D. Thesis, Bielefeld: Bielefeld University, 2013.

\bibitem[BP05]{Bickmore2005}
Timothy~Wallace Bickmore and Rosalind~W. Picard.
\newblock {Establishing and Maintaining Long-Term Human-Computer
Relationships}.
\newblock {\em ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)},
12(2):617--638, 2005.

\bibitem[BPI07]{Breitfuss2007}
Werner Breitfuss, Helmut Prendinger, and Mitsuru Ishizuka.
\newblock {Automated Generation of Non-Verbal Behavior for Virtual Embodied
Characters}.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on
Multimodal Interfaces (ICMI'07)}, pp 319--322, New York, New York, USA,
2007. ACM Press.

\bibitem[BPJ09]{Bickmore2009}
Timothy~Wallace Bickmore, Laura~M. Pfeifer, and Brian~W. Jack.
\newblock {Taking the Time to Care: Empowering Low Health Literacy Hospital
Patients with Virtual Nurse Agents}.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of the 27th International ACM Conference on Human
Factors in Computing Systems (CHI'09)}, pp 1265--1274, New York, 2009.
ACM.

\bibitem[BPN{\etalchar{+}}10]{Bevacqua2010}
Elisabetta Bevacqua, Ken Prepin, Radoslaw Niewiadomski, Etienne de~Sevin, and
Catherine Pelachaud.
\newblock {GRETA: Towards an Interactive Conversational Virtual Companion}.
\newblock In Yorick Wilks, editor, {\em Close Engagement with Artificial
Companions: Key Social, Psychological, Ethical and Design Issues}, pages
143--156. John Benjamins Publishing Co., 2010.

\bibitem[BR11]{Bransky2011}
Karla Bransky and Debbie Richards.
\newblock {Users' Expectations of IVA Recall and Forgetting}.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of the Intelligent Virtual Agents 10th International Conference (IVA'11)}, pp 433--434. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2011.

\bibitem[BS07]{Bickmore2007}
Timothy~Wallace Bickmore and Daniel Schulman.
\newblock {Practical Approaches to Comforting Users with Relational Agents}.
\newblock In {\em Proceeding of ACM CHI 2007 Conference on Human Factors in
Computing Systems}, pp 2291--2296, San Jose, California, USA, 2007. ACM.

\bibitem[BST10]{Bosse2010}
Tibor Bosse, Ghazanfar~F. Siddiqui, and Jan Treur.
\newblock {An Intelligent Virtual Agent to Increase Involvement in Financial
Services}.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on
Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVA'10)}, pp 378--384. Springer-Verlag Berlin,
Heidelberg, 2010.

\bibitem[BSV{\etalchar{+}}96]{Brug1996}
J.~Brug, I.~Steenhuis, P.~{Van Assema}, and H.~{De Vries}.
\newblock {The Impact of a Computer-Tailored Nutrition Intervention}.
\newblock {\em Preventive Medicine}, 25(3):236--242, 1996.

\bibitem[BT11]{Behrend2011}
Tara~S. Behrend and Lori~Foster Thompson.
\newblock {Similarity Effects in Online Training: Effects with Computerized
Trainer Agents}.
\newblock {\em Computers in Human Behavior}, 27(3):1201--1206, May 2011.

\bibitem[BTB{\etalchar{+}}08]{Bewick2008}
Bridgette~M. Bewick, Karen Trusler, Michael Barkham, Andrew~J. Hill, Jane Cahill,
and Brendan Mulhern.
\newblock {The Effectiveness of Web-Based Interventions Designed to Decrease
Alcohol Consumption--a Systematic Review.}
\newblock {\em Preventive Medicine}, 47(1):17--26, July 2008.

\bibitem[BTTS12]{Behrend2012}
Tara~S. Behrend, Steven Toaddy, Lori~Foster Thompson, and David~J. Sharek.
\newblock {The Effects of Avatar Appearance on Interviewer Ratings in Virtual
Employment Interviews}.
\newblock {\em Computers in Human Behavior}, 28(6):2128--2133, July 2012.

\bibitem[BW11]{Boukricha2011}
Hana Boukricha and Ipke Wachsmuth.
\newblock {Empathy-Based Emotional Alignment for a Virtual Human: A Three-Step
Approach}.
\newblock {\em KI-K\"{u}nstliche Intelligenz}, 25(3):195--204, May 2011.

\bibitem[Cas01]{Cassell2001a}
Justine Cassell.
\newblock {More than Just a Pretty Face: Conversational Protocols and the
Affordances of Embodiment}.
\newblock {\em Knowledge-Based Systems}, 14(1-2):55--64, 2001.

\bibitem[CB99]{Chartrand1999}
T.~L. Chartrand and J.~A. Bargh.
\newblock {The Chameleon Effect: the Perception-Behavior Link and Social
Interaction.}
\newblock {\em Journal of Personality and Social Psychology}, 76(6):893--910,
June 1999.

\bibitem[CGL10]{Chertoff2010}
Dustin~B. Chertoff, Brian Goldiez, and Joseph~J. LaViola.
\newblock {Virtual Experience Test: A Virtual Environment Evaluation
Questionnaire}.
\newblock In {\em IEEE Proceedings of the Virtual Reality Conference (VR)}, pp 103--110,
Waltham, Massachusetts, USA, March 2010. IEEE.

\bibitem[Cha00]{Charniak2000}
Eugene Charniak.
\newblock {A Maximum-Entropy-Inspired Parser}.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of the 1st North American Chapter of the Association for
Computational Linguistics Conference (NAACL' 2000)}, number~c, pp
132--139. Association for Computational Linguistics, Stroudsburg, PA, USA,
2000.

\bibitem[Cho91]{Chovil1991}
Nicole Chovil.
\newblock {Discourse-Oriented Facial Displays in Conversation}.
\newblock {\em Research on Language and Social Interaction}, 25:163--194, 1991.

\bibitem[CID{\etalchar{+}}03]{Carr2003}
Laurie Carr, Marco Iacoboni, Marie-Charlotte Dubeau, John~C Mazziotta, and
Gian~Luigi Lenzi.
\newblock {Neural Mechanisms of Empathy in Humans: a Relay from Neural Systems
for Imitation to Limbic Areas.}
\newblock {\em Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United
States of America}, 100(9):5497--502, May 2003.

\bibitem[Cli02]{Cliffordson2002}
Christina Cliffordson.
\newblock {The Hierarchical Structure of Empathy: Dimensional Organization and
Relations to Social Functioning}.
\newblock {\em Scandinavian Journal of Psychology}, 43(1):49--59, February
2002.

\bibitem[CMK{\etalchar{+}}06]{Caridakis2006}
George Caridakis, Lori Malatesta, Loic Kessous, Noam Amir, Amaryllis Raouzaiou,
and Kostas Karpouzis.
\newblock {Modeling Naturalistic Affective States via Facial and Vocal
Expressions Recognition}.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Multimodal
Interfaces}, pp 146--154. ACM, 2006.

\bibitem[CML05]{Chartrand2005}
T.~L. Chartrand, W.~W. Maddux, and J.~L. Lakin.
\newblock {Beyond the Perception-Behavior Link: The Ubiquitous Utility and
Motivational Moderators of Nonconscious Mimicry}.
\newblock In {\em The New Unconscious}, pages 334--361. Oxford University Press
New York, 2005.

\bibitem[CNB{\etalchar{+}}01]{Cassell2001b}
Justine Cassell, Yukiko~I. Nakano, Timothy~Wallace Bickmore, Candace~L. Sidner,
and Charles Rich.
\newblock {Non-Verbal Cues for Discourse Structure}.
\newblock {\em Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting on Association for
Computational Linguistics (ACL'01)}, pp 114--123, 2001.

\bibitem[CSPC00]{Cassell2000}
Justine Cassell, Joseph Sullivan, Scott Prevost, and Elizabeth~F. Churchill.
\newblock {Embodied Conversational Agents}.
\newblock {\em Social Psychology}, 40(1):26--36, 2000.

\bibitem[CSX04]{Catrambone2004}
Richard Catrambone, John Stasko, and Jun Xiao.
\newblock {ECA as User Interface Paradigm: Experimental Findings within a
Framework for Research}.
\newblock In Zs\'{o}fia Ruttkay and Catherine Pelachaud, editors, {\em From
Brows to Trust: Evaluating Embodied Conversational Agents}, chapter~9, pages
239--267. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2004.

\bibitem[CTP99]{Cassell1999a}
Justine Cassell, Obed~E. Torres, and Scott Prevost.
\newblock {Turn Taking vs. Discourse Structure: How Best to Model Multimodal
Conversation}.
\newblock In Y.~Wilks, editor, {\em Machine Conversations}, pages 143--154.
Kluwer, 1999.

\bibitem[{Cun}99]{Cunningham1999}
A.~{Cunningham, J.A., Humphreys, K., \& Koski-Jannes}.
\newblock {Providing Personalized Assessment Feedback for Problem Drinking on
the Internet.}
\newblock In {\em the 33rd Annual Convention of the
Association for the Advancement of Behavior Therapy, Toronto.}, 1999.

\bibitem[CVB01]{Cassell2001}
Justine Cassell, H.H.~Vilhj\'{a}lmsson, and Timothy~Wallace Bickmore.
\newblock {BEAT: the Behavior Expression Animation Toolkit}.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of the 28th Annual Conference on Computer
Graphics and Interactive Techniques (SIGGRAPH'01)}, pp 477--486. ACM,
2001.

\bibitem[CVG{\etalchar{+}}10]{Cavazza2010}
Marc Cavazza, C.~Emilio Vargas, Jos\'{e} Rela\~{n}o Gil, I~D Telef\'{o}nica,
Nigel Crook, Debora Field, and S.~Sheffield.
\newblock {'How Was Your Day ?' An Affective Companion ECA Prototype}.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of SIGDIAL 2010: the 11th Annual Meeting of the
Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue}, volume~1, pp 277--280,
The University of Tokyo, 2010. Association for Computational Linguistics.

\bibitem[CW98]{Clark1998}
H.~H. Clark and T.~Wasow.
\newblock {Repeating Words in Spontaneous Speech.}
\newblock {\em Cognitive Psychology}, 37(3):201--42, December 1998.

\bibitem[Dam94]{Damasio1994}
Antonio~R. Damasio.
\newblock {\em {Descartes' Error: Emotion, Reason, and the Human Brain}},
volume~33.
\newblock Putnam, 1994.

\bibitem[Dav83]{Davis1983}
Mark~H. Davis.
\newblock {Measuring Individual Differences in Empathy: Evidence for a
Multidimensional Approach.}
\newblock {\em Journal of Personality and Social Psychology}, 44(1):113--126,
1983.

\bibitem[Dav94]{Davis1994}
Mark~H. Davis.
\newblock {\em {Empathy: A Social Psychological Approach}}.
\newblock Westview Press, 1994.

\bibitem[DCP02]{DeCarolis2002}
Berardina {De Carolis}, Valeria Carofiglio, and Catherine Pelachaud.
\newblock {From Discourse Plans to Believable Behavior Generation}.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Natural
Language Generation (INLG'02)}, New York, USA, 2002.

\bibitem[DCS{\etalchar{+}}12]{Dunn2012}
Tamara~L. Dunn, Leanne~M. Casey, Jeanie Sheffield, Peter Newcombe, and Anne~B.
Chang.
\newblock {Dropout from Computer-Based Interventions for Children and
Adolescents with Chronic Health Conditions.}
\newblock {\em Journal of Health Psychology}, 17(3):429--42, April 2012.

\bibitem[DDR01]{Dunn2001}
C.~Dunn, L.~Deroo, and F.P.~Rivara.
\newblock {The Use of Brief Interventions Adapted from Motivational
Interviewing Across Behavioral Domains: a Systematic Review}.
\newblock {\em Addiction}, 96(12):1725--42, 2001.

\bibitem[Den87]{Dennett1987}
D.~C. Dennett.
\newblock {\em {The Intentional Stance}}.
\newblock MIT Press, 1987.

\bibitem[DMNP10]{DeCarolis2010}
Berardina {De Carolis}, Irene Mazzotta, Nicole Novielli, and Sebastiano
Pizzutilo.
\newblock {Social Robots and ECAs for Accessing Smart Environments Services}.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of the International Conference on Advanced
Visual Interfaces (AVI'10)}, pp 275--278, New York, New York, USA, 2010.
ACM Press.

\bibitem[{Doh}00]{DohertyHall2000}
J.~{Doherty, Y., Hall, D., James, P.T., Roberts, S.H., \& Simpson}.
\newblock Change Counseling in Diabetes: The Development of a Training
Programme for the Diabetes Team.
\newblock {\em Patient Education \& Counseling}, 40:263--278, 2000.

\bibitem[DRSV02]{DeCarlo2002}
D.~DeCarlo, C.~Revilla, Matthew Stone, and J.J. Venditti.
\newblock {Making Discourse Visible: Coding and Animating Conversational Facial
Displays}.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of Computer Animation 2002 (CA'02)}, volume
2002, pages 11--16. IEEE Computer Society, 2002.

\bibitem[dVS06]{DeVignemont2006}
Frederique de~Vignemont and Tania Singer.
\newblock {The Empathic Brain: How, When and Why?}
\newblock {\em Trends in Cognitive Sciences}, 10(10):435--41, October 2006.

\bibitem[EBLvH07]{Elfenbein2007}
H.~A. Elfenbein, M.~Beaupre, M.~Le~vesque, and U.~Hess.
\newblock {Toward a Dialect Theory: Cultural Differences in the Expression and
Recognition of Posed Facial Expressions}.
\newblock {\em Emotion}, 7(1):131--146, 2007.

\bibitem[EF74]{Ekman1974}
Paul Ekman and Wallace~V. Freisen.
\newblock {Detecting Deception from the Body or Face}.
\newblock {\em Journal of Personality and Social Psychology}, 29(3):288--298,
1974.

\bibitem[EF78]{Ekman1978}
Paul Ekman and Wallace~V. Freisen.
\newblock {\em {Facial Action Coding System: A Technique for the Measurement of
Facial Movement}}.
\newblock Consulting Psychologists Press, 1978.

\bibitem[EF86]{Ekman1986}
Paul Ekman and W.~V. Friesen.
\newblock {A New Pancultural Facial Expression of Emotion}.
\newblock {\em Motivation and Emotion}, 10(2):159--168, 1986.

\bibitem[EFA80]{Ekman1980}
Paul Ekman, Wallace~V. Freisen, and Sonia Ancoli.
\newblock {Facial Signs of Emotional Experience.}, 1980.

\bibitem[EFH02]{Ekman2002}
Paul Ekman, Wallace~V. Freisen, and Joseph~C. Hager.
\newblock {\em {Facial Action Coding System}}, volume 160.
\newblock Research Nexus eBook, Salt Lake City, UT, 2nd edition, 2002.

\bibitem[ELF83]{Ekman1983}
Paul Ekman, Robert~W Levenson, and Wallace~V. Freisen.
\newblock {Autonomic Nervous System Activity Distinguishes among Emotions}.
\newblock {\em Science}, 221(4616):1208--1210, 1983.

\bibitem[EM01]{Elliot2001}
Andrew~J. Elliot and holly~A. McGregor.
\newblock {A 2 x 2 Achievement Goal Framework}.
\newblock {\em Journal of Personality and Social Psychology}, 80(3):501--519,
2001.

\bibitem[ER01]{Emmons2001}
K.~M. Emmons and S.~Rollnick.
\newblock {Motivational Interviewing in Health Care Settings. Opportunities and
limitations.}
\newblock {\em American Journal of Preventive Medicine}, 20(1):68--74, January
2001.

\bibitem[FE83]{Friesen1983}
Wallace~V. Friesen and Paul Ekman.
\newblock {EMFACS-7: Emotional Facial Action Coding System}.
\newblock {\em Unpublished Manuscript, University of California at San
Francisco}, 1983.

\bibitem[Fes87]{Feshbach1987}
Norma~Deitch Feshbach.
\newblock {Parental Empathy and Child Adjustment/Maladjustment.}
\newblock In N.~Eisenberg and J.~Strayer, editors, {\em Empathy and its
Development}, Cambridge Studies in Social and Emotional Development., pages
271--291. New York, NY, US: Cambridge University Press, 1987.

\bibitem[FMS{\etalchar{+}}12]{Fellner2012}
Angela~N. Fellner, Gerald Matthews, Kevin~D. Shockley, Joel~S. Warm, Moshe
Zeidner, Lisa Karlov, and Richard~D. Roberts.
\newblock {Using Emotional Cues in a Discrimination Learning Task: Effects of
Trait Emotional Intelligence and Affective State}.
\newblock {\em Journal of Research in Personality}, 46(3):239--247, June 2012.

\bibitem[FO08]{Foster2008}
Mary~Ellen Foster and Jon Oberlander.
\newblock {Corpus-Based Generation of Head and Eyebrow Motion for an Embodied
Conversational Agent}.
\newblock {\em Language Resources and Evaluation}, 41(3-4):305--323, February
2008.

\bibitem[Fri94]{Fridlund1994}
A.J. Fridlund.
\newblock {\em {Human Facial Expression: An Evolutionary View}}.
\newblock Academic Press, San Diego, 1994.

\bibitem[Fri03]{Frith2003}
U.~Frith.
\newblock {\em {Autism: Explaining the Enigma}}, volume~21 of {\em Cognitive
Development}.
\newblock Blackwells, 2003.

\bibitem[Fus02]{Fussell2002}
Susan~R. Fussell.
\newblock {\em {The Verbal Communication of Emotions: Interdisciplinary
Perspectives}}.
\newblock Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2002.

\bibitem[Gal03]{Gallese2003}
Vittorio Gallese.
\newblock {The Roots of Empathy: The Shared Manifold Hypothesis and the Neural
Basis of Intersubjectivity}.
\newblock {\em Psychopathology}, 36(4):171--180, 2003.

\bibitem[GdRLV08]{Goeleven2008}
E.~Goeleven, R.~de~Raedt, L.~Leyman, and B.~Verschuere.
\newblock {The Karolinska Directed Emotional Faces: A Validation Study}.
\newblock {\em Cognition and Emotion}, 22:1094--1118, 2008.

\bibitem[GKW10]{Gratch2010}
Jonathan Gratch, Sin-hwa Kang, and Ning Wang.
\newblock {Using Social Agents Explore Theories of Rapport and Emotional
Resonance}.
\newblock Technical Report Chap X, University of Southern California, 2010.

\bibitem[GM85]{Goldstein1985}
Arnold~P. Goldstein and Gerald~Y. Michaels.
\newblock {\em {Empathy: Development, Training, and Consequences}}.
\newblock Hillsdale, N.J. and L. Erlbaum Associates, 1 edition, 1985.

\bibitem[GM86]{Gruen1986}
Rand~J. Gruen and Gerald Mendelsohn.
\newblock {Emotional Responses to Affective Displays in Others: The Distinction
Between Empathy and Sympathy.}
\newblock {\em Journal of Personality and Social Psychology}, 51(3):609--614,
1986.

\bibitem[GM04]{Gratch2004}
Jonathan Gratch and Stacy~C. Marsella.
\newblock {A Domain-Independent Framework for Modeling Emotion}.
\newblock {\em Cognitive Systems Research}, 5(4):269--306, 2004.

\bibitem[GOL06]{Gratch2006}
Jonathan Gratch, Anna Okhmatovskaia, and Francois Lamothe.
\newblock {Virtual Rapport}.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of the Intelligent Virtual Agents Conference (IVA)}, 2006.

\bibitem[Gor85]{Gordon1985}
Ronald~D. Gordon.
\newblock {Empathy: The State of the Art and Science}.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of the International Conference of the World Communication
Association}, pp 1--16, Baguio, Philippines, 1985.

\bibitem[Gra99]{Grahe1999}
J.E.~Grahe.
\newblock {The Importance of Nonverbal Cues in Judging Rapport}.
\newblock {\em Journal of Nonverbal Behavior}, 23(4):253--269, 1999.

\bibitem[GSM{\etalchar{+}}11]{Gonsior2011}
Barbara Gonsior, Stefan Sosnowski, Christoph Mayer, Jiirgen Blume, B.~Radig,
D.~Wollherr, and K.~Kuhnlenz.
\newblock {Improving Aspects of Empathy and Subjective Performance for HRI
through Mirroring Facial Expressions}.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of the RO-MAN, 20th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human
Interactive Communication}, pp 350--356, Atlanta, GA, USA, 2011. IEEE.

\bibitem[GWGF07]{Gratch2007a}
Jonathan Gratch, Ning Wang, Jillian Gerten, and Edward Fast.
\newblock {Creating Rapport with Virtual Agents}.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of the Intelligent Virtual Agents Conference (IVA)}, 2007.

\bibitem[GWO07]{Gratch2007}
Jonathan Gratch, Ning Wang, and Anna Okhmatovskaia.
\newblock {Can Virtual Humans be More Engaging than Real Ones?}
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on
Human-Computer Interaction: Intelligent Multimodal Interaction Environments,
(HCI'07)}, Chamonix, France, 2007. Springer-Verlag Berlin, Heidelber.

\bibitem[Hal77]{Halliday1977}
Michael Alexander~Kirkwood Halliday.
\newblock {\em {Explorations in the Functions of Language}}.
\newblock Elsevier North-Holland, 1977.

\bibitem[HCR94]{Hatfield1994}
Elaine Hatfield, John~T. Cacioppo, and Richard~L. Rapson.
\newblock {Emotional Contagion}.
\newblock {\em Current Directions in Psychological Science}, 2(3):96--99, 1994.

\bibitem[HDC15]{Hussain2015}
M.~Sazzad Hussain, Sidney~K. D'Mello, and Rafael~A. Calvo.
\newblock {Research and Development Tools in Affective Computing}.
\newblock In {\em The Oxford Handbook of Affective Computing}, chapter~25,
pages 349--357. Oxford University Press, 1 edition, 2015.

\bibitem[{Hel}04]{Prendinger2004a}
Mitsuru~Ishizuka {Helmut Prendinger}.
\newblock {\em {Life-Like Characters: Tools, Affective Functions, and
Applications}}.
\newblock Springer, 2004.

\bibitem[{Hes}97]{Hester1997}
H.D. {Hester, R.K., \& Delaney}.
\newblock {Behavioral Self-Control Program for Windows: Results of a Controlled
Clinical Trial.}
\newblock {\em Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology}, 65:685--693,
1997.

\bibitem[HFG03]{Hubal2003}
Robert~C. Hubal, Geoffrey~A. Frank, and Curry~I. Guinn.
\newblock {Lessons Learned in Modeling Schizophrenic and Depressed Responsive
Virtual Humans for Training}.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of the 2003 International Conference on
Intelligent User Interfaces (IUI'03)}, pp 85--92, Miami, FL, US, 2003.
ACM.

\bibitem[HJR10]{Hirsh2010}
Adam~T. Hirsh, Mark~P. Jensen, and Michael~E. Robinson.
\newblock {Evaluation of Nurses' Self-Insight into Their Pain Assessment and
Treatment Decisions.}
\newblock {\em The Journal of Pain: Official Journal of the American Pain
Society}, 11(5):454--61, May 2010.

\bibitem[HKEW09]{Heerink2009}
Marcel Heerink, B.~Krose, Vanessa Evers, and Bob Wielinga.
\newblock {Measuring Acceptance of an Assistive Social Robot: A Suggested
Toolkit}.
\newblock In {\em The 18th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN'09)}, pages 528--533. IEEE, 2009.

\bibitem[HMG10a]{Huang2010a}
Lixing Huang, Louis-philippe Morency, and Jonathan Gratch.
\newblock {Learning Backchannel Prediction Model from Parasocial Consensus
Sampling: A Subjective Evaluation}.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on
Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVA'10)}, pp 159--172. Springer-Verlag Berlin
Heidelberg, 2010.

\bibitem[HMG10b]{Huang2010}
Lixing Huang, Louis-Philippe Morency, and Jonathan Gratch.
\newblock {Parasocial Consensus Sampling: Combining Multiple Perspectives to
Learn Virtual Human Behavior}.
\newblock In Van~Der Hoek, Kaminka, Lesperance, Luck, and Sen, editors, {\em Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems
(AAMAS'10)}, pp 10--14, Toronto, Canada, 2010.
International Foundation for Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems
(www.ifaamas.org).

\bibitem[HMG11]{Huang2011}
Lixing Huang, Louis-philippe Morency, and Jonathan Gratch.
\newblock {Virtual Rapport 2.0}.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on
Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVA'11)}, pp 68--79, Reykjaavik, Iceland,
2011. Springer-Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg.

\bibitem[Hof00]{Hoffman2000}
Martin~L. Hoffman.
\newblock {\em {Empathy and Moral Development: Implications for Caring and
Justice}}.
\newblock Cambridge University Press, 2000.

\bibitem[Hoj07]{Hojat2007}
Mohammadreza Hojat.
\newblock {\em {Empathy in Patient Care: Antecedents, Development, Measurement,
and Outcomes}}.
\newblock New York, NY: Springer, 2007.

\bibitem[HSD05]{Hester2005}
Reid~K. Hester, Daniel~D. Squires, and Harold~D. Delaney.
\newblock {The Drinker's Check-up: 12-Month Outcomes of a Controlled Clinical
Trial of a Stand-Alone Software Program for Problem Drinkers}.
\newblock {\em Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment}, 28(2):159--169, 2005.

\bibitem[HSW{\etalchar{+}}06]{Hegel2006}
Frank Hegel, Torsten Spexard, Britta Wrede, G.~Horstmann, and T.~Vogt.
\newblock {Playing a Different Imitation Game: Interaction with an Empathic
Android Robot}.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of the 6th IEEE-RAS International Conference
on Humanoid Robots}, pp 56--61. IEEE, 2006.

\bibitem[HTW11]{Heimgartner2011}
R\"{u}diger Heimg\"{a}rtner, L.W. Tiede, and Helmut Windl.
\newblock {Empathy as Key Factor for Successful Intercultural HCI Design}.
\newblock {\em Design, User Experience, and Usability. Theory, Methods, Tools
and Practice}, pages 557--566, 2011.

\bibitem[Hun67]{Hunsdahl1967}
JB~Hunsdahl.
\newblock {Concerning Einf\"{u}hlung (Empathy): A Concept Analysis of its
Origin and Early Development}.
\newblock {\em Journal of the History of the Behavioral}, 2(4):298--312, 1967.

\bibitem[IY10]{Ishii2010}
Ryo Ishii and I.~Nakano Yukiko.
\newblock {An Empirical Study of Eye-Gaze Behaviors: Towards the Estimation of
Conversational Engagement in Human-Agent Communication}.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of the 2010 Workshop on Eye Gaze in
Intelligent Human Machine Interaction (EGIHMI'10)}, pp 33--40, Hong Kong, 2010. ACM.

\bibitem[Iza77]{Izard1977}
Carroll~Ellis Izard.
\newblock {\em {Human Emotions}}.
\newblock Plenum Press, New York, 1977.

\bibitem[Jac92]{Jackson1992}
S.~W. Jackson.
\newblock {The Listening Healer in the History of Psychological Healing.}
\newblock {\em The American Journal of Psychiatry}, 149(12):1623--1632, 1992.

\bibitem[JL04]{Johnson2004}
W.L.~Johnson and C.~LaBore.
\newblock {A Pedagogical Agent for Psychosocial Intervention on a Handheld
Computer}.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of the AAAI Fall Symposium on Dialogue Systems for Health
Communication}, pp 22--24, 2004.

\bibitem[{Jos}66]{Weizenbaum1966}
{Joseph Weizenbaum}.
\newblock {ELIZA - A Computer Program For the Study of Natural Language
Communication Between Man And Machine}.
\newblock {\em Communications of the ACM}, 9(1):36--45, 1966.

\bibitem[KCC96]{Krauss1996}
Robert~M. Krauss, Yihsiu Chen, and Purnima Chawla.
\newblock {Nonverbal Behavior and Nonverbal Communication: What do
Conversational Hand Gestures Tell Us?}
\newblock In Mark~P. Zanna, editor, {\em Advances in Experimental Social
Psychology}, volume~28, pp 389--450, San Diego, CA, US, 1996. Academic
Press.

\bibitem[KGWW08a]{Kang2008a}
Sin-hwa Kang, Jonathan Gratch, Ning Wang, and J.~Watt.
\newblock {Agreeable People Like Agreeable Virtual Humans}.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of the Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVA'08)}, pp 253--261. Springer, 2008.

\bibitem[KGWW08b]{Kang2008}
Sin-hwa Kang, Jonathan Gratch, Ning Wang, and J.H. Watt.
\newblock {Does the Contingency of Agents' Nonverbal Feedback Affect Users'
Social Anxiety?}
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of the 7th International Joint Conference on
Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems}, volume 1, pp
120--127. International Foundation for Autonomous Agents and Multiagent
Systems, 2008.

\bibitem[Kip01]{Kipp2001}
Michael Kipp.
\newblock {Anvil - A Generic Annotation Tool for Multimodal Dialogue}.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of the 7th European Conference on Speech
Communication and Technology (Eurospeech)}, pp 1367--1370, 2001.

\bibitem[Kip05]{Kipp2005}
Michael Kipp.
\newblock {\em {Gesture Generation By Imitation: From Human Behavior To
Computer Character Animation}}.
\newblock Universal Publishers, 2005.

\bibitem[Kip06]{Kipp2006}
Michael Kipp.
\newblock {Creativity Meets Automation: Combining Nonverbal Action Authoring
with Rules and Machine Learning}.
\newblock In Jonathan Gratch, editor, {\em Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on
Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVA'06)}, pp 230--242, Marina Del Rey, CA,
USA, 2006. Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

\bibitem[KKNG06]{Kipp2006a}
Michael Kipp, Kerstin~H Kipp, Alassane Ndiaye, and Patrick Gebhard.
\newblock {Evaluating the Tangible Interface and Virtual Characters in the
Interactive COHIBIT Exhibit}.
\newblock In J.~Gratch, editor, {\em Proceedings of the Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVA'06)},
pp 434--444. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2006.

\bibitem[KL85]{Katz1985}
Neil~H. Katz and John~W. Lawyer.
\newblock {\em {Communication and Conflict Resolution Skills}}.
\newblock Kendall Hunt, Dubuque, Iowa, 1985.

\bibitem[KMR02]{Klein2002}
J.~Klein, Y.~Moon, and {Rosalind W. Picard}.
\newblock {This Computer Responds to User Frustration: Theory, Design, and
Results}.
\newblock {\em Interacting with Computers}, 14(2):119--140, 2002.

\bibitem[KPG{\etalchar{+}}07]{Kenny2007}
Patrick Kenny, T.~Parsons, Jonathan Gratch, Anton Leuski, and A.~Rizzo.
\newblock {Virtual Patients for Clinical Therapist Skills Training}.
\newblock In C.~Pelachaud et~Al., editor, {\em Proceedings of the Intelligent Virtual Agents
(IVA'07)}, pp 197--210. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2007.

\bibitem[KTB{\etalchar{+}}08]{Knoppel2008}
Fran\c{c}ois L.~A. Knoppel, Almer~S. Tigelaar, Danny~Oude Bos, Thijs Alofs, and
Zs\'{o}fia Ruttkay.
\newblock {Trackside DEIRA: A Dynamic Engaging Intelligent Reporter Agent}.
\newblock In Padgham, Parkes, M\"{u}ller, and Parsons, editors, {\em Proceedings of the 7th
International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems},
pp 112--119, Estoril, Portugal, 2008. International Foundation for
Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (www.ifaamas.org).

\bibitem[KTRS12]{Krumhuber2012}
Eva~G. Krumhuber, Lucas Tamarit, Etienne~B. Roesch, and Klaus~R. Scherer.
\newblock {FACSGen 2.0 Animation Software: Generating Three-Dimensional
FACS-Valid Facial Expressions for Emotion Research.}
\newblock {\em Emotion}, 12(2):351--363, January 2012.

\bibitem[KWG09]{Kang2009}
Sin-hwa Kang, James~H. Watt, and Jonathan Gratch.
\newblock {Associations Between Interactants’ Personality Traits and
Their Feelings of Rapport in Interactions with Virtual Humans}.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the International
Communication Association}, pp 1--25, Marriott, Chicago, IL, 2009.

\bibitem[Laf79]{Lafrance1979}
Marianne Lafrance.
\newblock {Nonverbal Synchrony Panel Technique: Analysis by the Cross-Lag and
Rapport}.
\newblock {\em Social Psychology}, 42(1):66--70, 1979.

\bibitem[Laf82]{LaFrance1982}
Marianne Lafrance.
\newblock {Posture Mirroring and Rapport}.
\newblock {\em Counselling Psychology Quarterly}, 14(4):267--280, 1982.

\bibitem[Lan95]{Lang1995}
P.~J. Lang.
\newblock {The Emotion Probe. Studies of Motivation and Attention.}
\newblock {\em The American Psychologist}, 50(5):372--85, May 1995.

\bibitem[LAYR13]{Lisetti2013}
Christine Lisetti, Reza Amini, Ugan Yasavur, and Naphtali Rishe.
\newblock {I Can Help You Change! An Empathic Virtual Agent Delivers
Behavior-Change Health Interventions}.
\newblock {\em ACM Transactions on Management Information Systems}, 4(4):1--28,
2013.

\bibitem[LB76]{Lafrance1976}
Marianne Lafrance and M.~Broadbent.
\newblock {Group Rapport: Posture Sharing as a Nonverbal Indicator}.
\newblock {\em Group \& Organization Management}, 1(3):328--333, September
1976.

\bibitem[LBAM04]{Lisetti2004}
Christine~L. Lisetti, S.~M. Brown S.~M. Brown, K.~Alvarez~K. Alvarez, and A.~H. Marpaung
A.~H. Marpaung.
\newblock {A Social Informatics Approach to Human-Robot Interaction with a
Service Social Robot}, 2004.

\bibitem[LBC97]{Lang1997}
P.~J. Lang, Margaret~M. Bradley, and B.~N. Cuthbert.
\newblock {\em {International Affective Picture System (IAPS): Technical Manual
and Affective Ratings}}, volume~77.
\newblock The Center for Research in Psychophysiology, University of Florida,
1997.

\bibitem[LCK{\etalchar{+}}10]{Lucey2010}
Patrick Lucey, Jeffrey~F. Cohn, Takeo Kanade, Jason Saragih, Zara Ambadar, Iain
Matthews, and Forbes Ave.
\newblock {The Extended Cohn-Kanade Dataset (CK+): A Complete Dataset for
Action Unit and Emotion-Specified Expression}.
\newblock In {\em Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW)},
number July, pages 94--101, San Francisco, CA, 2010. IEEE.

\bibitem[LDB{\etalchar{+}}10]{Langner2010}
O.~Langner, R.~Dotsch, G.~Bijlstra, D.~H.~J. Wigboldus, S.~T. Hawk, and A.~van
Knippenberg.
\newblock {Presentation and Validation of the Radboud Faces Database}.
\newblock {\em Cognition and Emotion}, 24:1377--1388, 2010.

\bibitem[Les87]{Leslie1987}
Alan~M. Leslie.
\newblock {Pretense and Representation: The Origins of "Theory of Mind."}.
\newblock {\em Psychological Review}, 94(4):412--426, 1987.

\bibitem[LFO98]{Lundqvist1998}
D.~Lundqvist, A.~Flykt, and A.~\"{O}hman.
\newblock {The Karolinska Directed Emotional Faces - KDEF}, 1998.

\bibitem[Lis08]{Lisetti2008}
Christine~L. Lisetti.
\newblock {Embodied Conversational Agents for Psychotherapy}.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of the CHI 2008 Conference Workshop on Technology
in Mental Health}, pages 1--12. ACM, 2008.

\bibitem[LJC03]{Lakin2003}
J.~L. Lakin, VE~Jefferis, and C.M.~Cheng.
\newblock {The Chameleon Effect as Social Glue: Evidence for the Evolutionary
Significance of Nonconscious Mimicry}.
\newblock {\em Journal of Nonverbal Behavior}, 27(3):145--162, 2003.

\bibitem[LM09]{Lee2009a}
Jina Lee and Stacy~C. Marsella.
\newblock {Learning a Model of Speaker Head Nods Using Gesture Corpora}.
\newblock In Decker, Sichman, Sierra, and Castelfranchi, editors, {\em Proceedings of the 8th
International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (AAMAS'09)}, Budapest, Hungary, 2009. International Foundation for Autonomous
Agents and Multiagent Systems (www.ifaamas.org).

\bibitem[LM12]{Li2012}
Zheng Li and Xia Mao.
\newblock {Emotional Eye Movement Generation Based on Geneva Emotion Wheel for
Virtual Agents}.
\newblock {\em Journal of Visual Languages \& Computing}, 23(5):299--310,
October 2012.

\bibitem[LMMR97]{Litvack-Miller1997}
W.~Litvack-Miller, D.~McDougall, and D.~M. Romney.
\newblock {The Structure of Empathy During Middle Childhood and its
Relationship to Prosocial Behavior.}
\newblock {\em Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs},
123(3):303--24, August 1997.

\bibitem[LMR06]{Lee2006}
Jina Lee, Stacy~C. Marsella, and Marina~Del Rey.
\newblock {Nonverbal Behavior Generator for Embodied Conversational Agents}.
\newblock In Jonathan Gratch, editor, {\em Proceedings of the 6th International
Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVA'06)}, pp 243--255, Marina
del Rey, 2006. Springer Berlin/Heidelberg.

\bibitem[LPNM09]{Lee2009}
Jina Lee, Helmut Prendinger, Alena Neviarouskaya, and Stacy Marsella.
\newblock {Learning Models of Speaker Head Nods with Affective Information}.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Affective Computing and
Intelligent Interaction (ACII'09)}, pp 1--6. IEEE, 2009.

\bibitem[LSN10]{Liu2010a}
Yisi Liu, Olga Sourina, and Minh~Khoa Nguyen.
\newblock {Real-Time EEG-Based Human Emotion Recognition and Visualization}.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of the International Conference on Cyberworlds (CW)}, pp
262--269, Singapore, October 2010. IEEE Computer Society.

\bibitem[LW08a]{Lisetti2008a}
Christine~L. Lisetti and Eric Wagner.
\newblock {Mental Health Promotion with Animated Characters: Exploring Issues
and Potential}.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of the AAAI Spring Symposium on Emotion,
Personality and Social Behavior}, 2008.

\bibitem[LW08b]{LisettiWagner2008}
Christine~L. Lisetti and Eric Wagner.
\newblock {Mental Health Promotion with Animated Characters: Exploring Issues
and Potential}.
\newblock In {\em AAAI Spring Symposium}, 2008.

\bibitem[LYL{\etalchar{+}}12]{Lisetti2012a}
Christine~L. Lisetti, Ugan Yasavur, Claudia~De Leon, Reza Amini, and Naphtali
Rishe.
\newblock {Building an On-Demand Avatar-Based Health Intervention for Behavior
Change}.
\newblock In {\em Proceeding of FLAIRS'12 Association for the Advancement of
Artificial Intelligence (www.aaai.org)}, number~Mi, Miami, FL, US, 2012.

\bibitem[MA99]{Mendelson1999}
M.J. Mendelson and F.E. Aboud.
\newblock {Measuring Friendship Quality in Late Adolescents and Young Adults:
McGill Friendship Questionnaires.}
\newblock {\em Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science/Revue Canadienne des
Sciences du Comportement}, 31(2):130, 1999.

\bibitem[MBF{\etalchar{+}}90]{Miller1990}
George~A. Miller, Richard Beckwith, Christiane Fellbaum, Derek Gross, and
Katherine~J. Miller.
\newblock {Introduction to WordNet: An On-Line Lexical Database}.
\newblock {\em International Journal of Lexicography}, 3(4):235--244, 1990.

\bibitem[McN92]{McNeill1992}
David McNeill.
\newblock {\em {Hand and Mind: What Gestures Reveal about Thought}}.
\newblock Psychology/Cognitive Science. University of Chicago Press, 1992.

\bibitem[MDI{\etalchar{+}}11]{Magerko2011}
Brian Magerko, James Dean, Avinash Idnani, Michael Pantalon, and Gail~D.
Onofrio.
\newblock {Dr. Vicky: A Virtual Coach for Learning Brief Negotiated Interview
Techniques for Treating Emergency Room Patients}.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence
(AAAI) Spring Symposium}, pp 25--32. Association for the Advancement of
Artificial Intelligence (www.aaai.org), 2011.

\bibitem[MDK03]{Stokes2003}
{Maura E. Stokes}, Charles~S. Davis, and Gary~G. Koch.
\newblock {\em {Categorical Data Analysis Using the SAS System}}.
\newblock SAS Institute and Wiley, 2nd edition, 2003.

\bibitem[MEM12]{Moridis2012a}
Christos~N. Moridis and Anastasios~A. Economides.
\newblock {Affective Learning: Empathetic Agents with Emotional Facial and
Tone of Voice Expressions}.
\newblock {\em IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing}, 3(3):260--272, 2012.

\bibitem[MGR03]{Marsella2003}
Stacy~C. Marsella, Jonathan Gratch, and Jeff Rickel.
\newblock {Expressive Behaviors for Virtual Worlds}.
\newblock In M.~{Prendinger, H., Ishizuka}, editor, {\em Life-Like Characters,
Tools, Affective Functions, and Applications}. Springer, Heidelberg, 2003.

\bibitem[{Mil}88]{MillerSovereign1988}
B.~{Miller, W., Sovereign, R. and Krege}.
\newblock {Motivational Interviewing with Problem Drinkers: The Drinker's
Check-Up as a Preventive Intervention}.
\newblock {\em Behavioural Psychotherapy}, 16:251--268, 1988.

\bibitem[{Mil}94]{MillerSanchez1994}
B.~{Miller, W., and Sanchez}.
\newblock {Motivating Young Adults for Treatment and Lifestyle Change.}
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of the Issues in Alcohol Use and Misuse by Young Adults}, pp
55--81. 1994.

\bibitem[Mil95]{Miller1995b}
George~A. Miller.
\newblock {WordNet: A Lexical Database for English}.
\newblock {\em Communications of the ACM}, 38(11):39--41, 1995.

\bibitem[ML09]{Mao2009}
Xia Mao and Zheng Li.
\newblock {Implementing Emotion-Based User-Aware E-Learning}.
\newblock {\em Science}, pp 3787--3792, 2009.

\bibitem[MM84]{Miller1984}
William~R. Miller and G.~Alan Marlatt.
\newblock {Brief Drinker Profile}.
\newblock {\em Psychological Assessment Resources, Odessa, FL}, 1984.

\bibitem[MNP13]{Mattheij2013}
Ruud Mattheij, Marie Nilsenova, and Eric Postma.
\newblock {Vocal and Facial Imitation of Humans Interacting with Virtual
Agents}.
\newblock In {\em 2013 Proceedings of the Humaine Association Conference on Affective Computing
and Intelligent Interaction}, pp 815--820. IEEE, September 2013.

\bibitem[MPNP13]{Mattheij2013b}
R.~Mattheij, M.~Postma-Nilsenov\'{a}, and E.~Postma.
\newblock {Mirror, Mirror in the Wall: Is there Mimicry in You All?}
\newblock {\em Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Smart Environments}, 1:1--5,
2013.

\bibitem[MR02]{Miller2002}
William~R. Miller and Stephen Rollnick.
\newblock {\em {Motivational Interviewing: Preparing People for Change}},
volume 2nd.
\newblock Guilford Press, New York, 2nd edition, 2002.

\bibitem[MR09]{MillerRose2009}
William~R. Miller and Gary~S. Rose.
\newblock {Toward a Theory of Motivational Interviewing}.
\newblock {\em American Psychologist}, 64(6):527--537, 2009.

\bibitem[MR10]{Miller2010}
William~R. Miller and Gary~S. Rose.
\newblock {Toward a Theory of Motivational Interviewing}.
\newblock {\em American Psychologist}, 64(6):527--537, 2010.

\bibitem[MRP08]{McQuiggan2008}
Scott~W. McQuiggan, Jennifer Robison, and Robert Phillips.
\newblock {Modeling Parallel and Reactive Empathy in Virtual Agents: An
Inductive Approach}.
\newblock In M\"{u}ller {Padgham, Parkes} and Parsons, editors, {\em
Proceedings of 7th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems
(AAMAS'08)}, pp 167--174, Estoril, Portugal, 2008.
International Foundation for Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems
(www.ifaamas.org).

\bibitem[MS94]{Marcus1994}
B.~H. Marcus and L.~R. Simkin.
\newblock {The Transtheoretical Model: Applications to Exercise Behavior.}
\newblock {\em Medicine \& Science in Sports \& Exercise}, 26(11):1400--1404,
1994.

\bibitem[MSB93]{Matthews1993}
D.~A. Matthews, A.~L. Suchman, and W.~T. Branch.
\newblock {Making ``Connexions": Enhancing the Therapeutic Potential of
Patient-Clinician Relationships.}
\newblock {\em Annals of Internal Medicine}, 118(12):973--977, 1993.

\bibitem[MT83]{Maurer1983}
R.E. Maurer and J.H. Tindall.
\newblock {Effect of Postural Congruence on Client's Perception of Counselor
Empathy.}
\newblock {\em Journal of Counseling Psychology}, 30(2):158, 1983.

\bibitem[MT95]{Miller1995}
W.R.~Miller and J.S.~Tonigan.
\newblock {\em {The Drinker Inventory of Consequences (DrInC)}}.
\newblock 1995.

\bibitem[MW02]{miller2002mesa}
William~R Miller and Paula~L Wilbourne.
\newblock Mesa Grande: a Methodological Analysis of Clinical Trials of
Treatments for Alcohol Use Disorders.
\newblock {\em Addiction}, 97(3):265--277, 2002.

\bibitem[{Nat}11]{CDC2011}
{National Center for Chronic Prevention and Health Promotion}.
\newblock {Excessive Alcohol Use At a Glance: Addressing a Leading Risk for
Death, Chronic Disease, and Injury}.
\newblock Technical Report, National Center for Chronic Prevention and Health
Promotion, 2011.

\bibitem[NBH07]{Noar2007}
Seth~M. Noar, Christina~N. Benac, and Melissa~S. Harris.
\newblock {Does Tailoring Matter? Meta-Analytic Review of Tailored Print Health
Behavior Change Interventions.}
\newblock {\em Psychological Bulletin}, 133(4):673--693, 2007.

\bibitem[NdRM10]{Novielli2010}
Nicole Novielli, Fiorella de~Rosis, and Irene Mazzotta.
\newblock {User Attitude Towards an Embodied Conversational Agent: Effects of
the Interaction Mode}.
\newblock {\em Journal of Pragmatics}, 42(9):2385--2397, September 2010.

\bibitem[NI10]{Nakano2010}
I.~Nakano and Ryo Ishii.
\newblock {Estimating User's Engagement from Eye-Gaze Behaviors in
Human-Agent Conversations}.
\newblock In ACM, editor, {\em Proceedings of the 15th International
Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces}, pp 139--148, Hong Kong, China,
2010.

\bibitem[NK11]{NeuhauserKreps2011}
L.~Neuhauser and G.L. Kreps.
\newblock {Participatory Design and Artificial Intelligence: Strategies to
Improve Health Communication for Diverse Audiences.}
\newblock Cambridge, MA: AAAI Press, 2011.

\bibitem[NM09]{Nguyen2009}
H.~Nguyen and Judith Masthoff.
\newblock {Designing Empathic Computers: the Effect of Multimodal Empathic
Feedback Using Animated Agent}.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Persuasive
Technology (Persuasive’09)}, Claremont, California, USA, 2009. ACM.

\bibitem[Nol85]{Noller1985}
Patricia Noller.
\newblock {Video primacy? A Further Look}.
\newblock {\em Journal of Nonverbal Behavior}, 9(1):28--47, 1985.

\bibitem[NPAI06]{Nischt2006}
Michael Nischt, Helmut Prendinger, Elisabeth Andr\'{e}, and Mitsuru Ishizuka.
\newblock {MPML3D: A Reactive Framework for the Multimodal Presentation Markup
Language}.
\newblock {\em Lecture Notes in Computer Science}, 62(1):218--229, 2006.

\bibitem[NPI07a]{Neviarouskaya2007a}
Alena Neviarouskaya, Helmut Prendinger, and Mitsuru Ishizuka.
\newblock {Analysis of Affect Expressed Through the Evolving Language of Online
Communication}.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on
Intelligent User Interfaces (IUI'07)}, pp 278--281, Honolulu, Hawaii,
USA, 2007. ACM Press.

\bibitem[NPI07b]{Neviarouskaya2007}
Alena Neviarouskaya, Helmut Prendinger, and Mitsuru Ishizuka.
\newblock {Textual Affect Sensing for Sociable and Expressive Online
Communication}.
\newblock In Ana Paiva, R.~Prada, and Rosalind~W. Picard, editors, {\em Proceedings of the 2nd
International Conference in Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction
(ACII)}, pp 220--231, Lisbon, Portugal, 2007. Springer-Verlag Berlin
Heidelber.

\bibitem[OCC88]{Ortony1988}
A.~Ortony, G.~L. Clore, and A.~Collins.
\newblock {\em {The Cognitive Structure of Emotions}}, volume~18.
\newblock Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 1988.

\bibitem[OSP10]{Ochs2010}
Magalie Ochs, David Sadek, and Catherine Pelachaud.
\newblock {A Formal Model of Emotions for an Empathic Rational Dialog Agent}.
\newblock {\em Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems}, November 2010.

\bibitem[Ost98]{Ostermann1998}
J\"{o}rn Ostermann.
\newblock {Animation of Synthetic Faces in MPEG-4}, 1998.

\bibitem[Ost02]{Ostermann2002}
J\"{o}rn Ostermann.
\newblock {Face Animation in MPEG-4}.
\newblock In Igor Pandzic and Robert Forchheimer, editors, {\em MPEG-4 Facial
Animation: The Standard, Implementation and Applications}, chapter~2, pages
17--55. Wiley, 2002.

\bibitem[PBA06]{Prendinger2006}
Helmut Prendinger and Christian Becker-Asano.
\newblock {A Study in User's Physiological Response to an Empathic Interface
Agent}.
\newblock {\em International Journal of Humanoid}, 3(3):371--391, 2006.

\bibitem[PBCS10]{Pulman2010}
S.~G. Pulman, J.~Boye, M.~Cavazza, and Cameron Smith.
\newblock {'How Was Your Day?’}.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of the 2010 Workshop on Companionable Dialogue
Systems (ACL'10)}, number July, pp 37--42, Uppsala, Sweden, 2010.
Association for Computational Linguistics.

\bibitem[PBS96]{Pelachaud1996}
Catherine Pelachaud, Norman~I. Badler, and Mark Steedman.
\newblock {Generating Facial Expressions for Speech}.
\newblock {\em Cognitive Science}, 20(1):1--46, 1996.

\bibitem[PDP11]{Polajnar2011}
Jernej Polajnar, B.~Dalvandi, and D.~Polajnar.
\newblock {Does Empathy Between Artificial Agents Improve Agent Teamwork?}
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of the 10th IEEE International Conference on Cognitive Informatics \& Cognitive Computing (ICCICC'11)}, pp 96--102. IEEE, 2011.

\bibitem[PI05]{Prendinger2005}
Helmut Prendinger and M.~Ishizuka.
\newblock {The Empathic Companion - A Character-Based Interface that Addresses
Users' Affective States}.
\newblock {\em Applied Artificial Intelligence}, 19(3-4):267--286, 2005.

\bibitem[PKG09]{Putten2009}
Astrid M. Von~Der P\"{u}tten, Nicole~C. Kr\"{a}mer, and Jonathan Gratch.
\newblock {Who's There? Can a Virtual Agent Really Elicit Social Presence?},
2009.

\bibitem[PLM{\etalchar{+}}11]{Pereira2011}
A.~Pereira, Iolanda Leite, Samuel Mascarenhas, Carlos Martinho, and Ana Paiva.
\newblock {Using Empathy to Improve Human-Robot Relationships}.
\newblock {\em Human-Robot Personal Relationships}, LNICST 59:130--138, 2011.

\bibitem[PP01]{Pasquariello2001}
Stefano Pasquariello and Catherine Pelachaud.
\newblock {Greta: A Simple Facial Animation Engine}.
\newblock In {R. Roy}, editor, {\em Proceedings 6th Online World Conference on
Soft Computing in Industrial Applications Session on Soft Computing for
Intelligent 3D Agents}, pp 511--525. Springer-Verlag London, 2001.

\bibitem[Pre07]{Preston2007}
SD~Preston.
\newblock {A perception-Action Model for Empathy}.
\newblock In T.~Farrow and P.~Woodruff, editors, {\em Empathy in Mental
Illness}, chapter~23, pages 428--446. Cambridge University Press, 2007.

\bibitem[PS94]{Prevost1994}
Scott Prevost and Mark Steedman.
\newblock {Specifying Intonation from Context for Speech Synthesis}.
\newblock {\em Speech Communication}, 15(1-2):18, 1994.

\bibitem[PSSJC08]{Portnoy2008}
David~B. Portnoy, Lori A.~J. Scott-Sheldon, Blair~T. Johnson, and Michael~P. Carey.
\newblock {Computer-Delivered Interventions for Health Promotion and Behavioral
Risk Reduction: A Meta-Analysis of 75 Randomized Controlled Trials,
1988-2007.}
\newblock {\em Preventive medicine}, 47(1):3--16, July 2008.

\bibitem[PV97]{Prochaska1997}
J.~O. Prochaska and W.~F. Velicer.
\newblock {The Transtheoretical Model of Health Behavior Change}.
\newblock {\em American Journal of Health Promotion}, 12(1):38--48, 1997.

\bibitem[PW78]{Premack1978}
D.~Premack and G.~Woodruff.
\newblock {Does the Chimpanzee Have a Theory of Mind?}
\newblock {\em Behavioral and Brain Sciences}, 1(04):515--526, 1978.

\bibitem[Rab89]{Rabiner1989}
Lawrence~R. Rabiner.
\newblock {A Tutorial on Hidden Markov Models and Selected Applications in
Speech Recognition}.
\newblock {\em Proceedings of the IEEE}, 77(2):257--286, 1989.

\bibitem[RE95]{Rosenberg1995}
E.~Rosenberg and Paul Ekman.
\newblock {Conceptual and Methodological Issues in the Judgment of Facial
Expressions of Emotion}.
\newblock {\em Motivation and Emotion}, 19(2):111--138, 1995.

\bibitem[{Res}00]{Resnicow2000}
J.~{Resnicow, K., Soler, R., Braithwaite, R. L., Ahluwalia, J. S., \& Butler}.
\newblock {Cultural Sensitivity in Substance Use Prevention.}
\newblock {\em Journal of Community Psychology}, 28:271-- 290, 2000.

\bibitem[RM09]{Rodrigues2009}
S.H.~Rodrigues and S.F.~Mascarenhas.
\newblock {``I Can Feel it too!”: Emergent Empathic Reactions Between
Synthetic Characters}.
\newblock In {\em Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction and Workshops
(ACII'09)}, pp 1--7, Porto, Portugal, 2009. IEEE.

\bibitem[Rog59]{Rogers1959}
C.~R. Rogers.
\newblock {A Theory of Therapy, Personality and Interpersonal Relationships as
Developed in the Client-Centered Framework}.
\newblock In S.~Koch, editor, {\em Psychology: the Study of a Science},
volume~3, chapter~3, pages 184--256. McGraw-Hill, New York, 1959.

\bibitem[RR08]{Riek2008}
Laurel~D. Riek and Peter Robinson.
\newblock {Real-Time Empathy: Facial Mimicry on a Robot}.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of the ACM Workshop on Affective Interaction in Natural Environments
AFFINE at the International ACM Conference on Multimodal Interfaces (ICMI'08)},
pp 1--5, 2008.

\bibitem[SAD{\etalchar{+}}06]{Sarrafzadeh2006}
Abdolhossein Sarrafzadeh, Samuel Alexander, Farhad Dadgostar, Chao Fan, and
Abbas Bigdeli.
\newblock {See Me, Teach Me: Facial Expression and Gesture Recognition for
Intelligent Tutoring Systems}.
\newblock {\em Proceedings of the 2006 Innovations in Information Technology}, pages 1--5,
November 2006.

\bibitem[SbJS03]{Peter2003}
Marianne Sonnby-borgstr\"{o}m, Peter Jonsson, and Owe Svensson.
\newblock {Emotional Empathy as Related to Mimicry Reactions at Different
Levels of Information Processing}.
\newblock {\em Journal of Nonverbal}, 27(1):3--23, 2003.

\bibitem[SBS11]{Schulman2011}
Daniel Schulman, Timothy~Wallace Bickmore, and Candace~L. Sidner.
\newblock {An Intelligent Conversational Agent for Promoting Long-Term Health
Behavior Change Using Motivational Interviewing}.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence
(AAAI) Spring Symposium Series}, pp 61--64. Association for the
Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (www.aaai.org), 2011.

\bibitem[SCB{\etalchar{+}}10]{Smith2010}
Cameron Smith, Nigel Crook, Johan Boye, Daniel Charlton, Simon Dobnik, David
Pizzi, Marc Cavazza, and Stephen Pulman.
\newblock {Interaction Strategies for an Affective Conversational Agent}.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on
Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVA'10)}, pages 301--314. Springer-Verlag Berlin,
Heidelberg, 2010.

\bibitem[Sch01]{Scherer2001}
Klaus~R. Scherer.
\newblock {\em {Appraisal Processes in Emotion: Theory, Methods, Research}}.
\newblock Oxford University Press, New York, NY, US, 2001.

\bibitem[Sch05]{Scherer2005}
Klaus~R. Scherer.
\newblock {What Are Emotions? And How Can They Be Measured?}
\newblock {\em Social Science Information}, 44(4):695--729, 2005.

\bibitem[Sch11]{Schneier2011}
B.~Schneier.
\newblock {Empathy and Security}.
\newblock {\em Security \& Privacy, IEEE}, 9(5):88--88, 2011.

\bibitem[SCW01]{Sayette2001}
M.A.~Sayette, Jeffrey~F. Cohn, and J.M.~Wertz.
\newblock {A Psychometric Evaluation of the Facial Action Coding System for
Assessing Spontaneous Expression}.
\newblock {\em Journal of Nonverbal Behavior}, 25(3):167--185, 2001.

\bibitem[SD12]{Szymanski2012}
Julian Szymański and Wlodzislaw Duch.
\newblock {Information Retrieval with Semantic Memory Model}.
\newblock {\em Cognitive Systems Research}, 14(1):84--100, April 2012.

\bibitem[SE07]{Scherer2007}
Klaus~R. Scherer and Heiner Ellgring.
\newblock {Multimodal Expression of Emotion: Affect Programs or Componential
Appraisal Patterns?}
\newblock {\em Emotion (Washington, D.C.)}, 7(1):158--71, February 2007.

\bibitem[SH04]{Squires2004}
Daniel~D. Squires and Reid~K. Hester.
\newblock {Using Technical Innovations in Clinical Practice: The Drinker's
Check-Up Software Program.}
\newblock {\em Journal of Clinical Psychology}, 60(2):159--69, February 2004.

\bibitem[Sha11]{Shapiro2011}
Ari Shapiro.
\newblock {Building a Character Animation System}.
\newblock {\em Motion in Games(MIG'11)}, LNCS(7060):98--109, 2011.

\bibitem[Ski94]{Skinner1994}
H.~A. Skinner.
\newblock {Computerized Lifestyle Assessment}, Toronto: Multi-Health Systems, 1994.

\bibitem[SLN11]{Sourina2011}
Olga Sourina, Y.~Liu, and Minh~Khoa Nguyen.
\newblock {Emotion-Enabled EEG-Based Interaction}.
\newblock In {\em SIGGRAPH Asia 2011 Posters on SA'11}, page~1, New York,
New York, USA, 2011. ACM Press.

\bibitem[SMH83]{Stockwell1983}
T.~Stockwell, D.~Murphy, and R.~Hodgson.
\newblock {The Severity of Alcohol Dependence Questionnaire: Its Use,
Reliability and Validity.}
\newblock {\em British Journal of Addiction}, 78(2):145--155, 1983.

\bibitem[SPW{\etalchar{+}}13]{socher2013recursive}
Richard Socher, Alex Perelygin, Jean~Y. Wu, Jason Chuang, Christopher~D. Manning,
Andrew~Y. Ng, and Christopher Potts.
\newblock Recursive Deep Models for Semantic Compositionality Over a Sentiment
Treebank.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural
Language Processing (EMNLP)}, pp 1631--1642, 2013.

\bibitem[SS86]{ServanSchreiber-1986}
D.~Servan-Schreiber.
\newblock {Artificial Intelligence and Psychiatry.}
\newblock {\em Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease}, 174:191--202, 1986.

\bibitem[SST02]{Schiel2002}
Florian Schiel, Silke Steininger, and Ulrich T\"{u}rk.
\newblock {The SmartKom Multimodal Corpus at BAS}.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of the 3rd Conference on Language Resources and
Evaluation LREC'02}, number~34, pp 200--206, 2002.

\bibitem[ST11]{Shamay-Tsoory2011}
Simone~G. Shamay-Tsoory.
\newblock {The Neural Bases for Empathy.}
\newblock {\em The Neuroscientist: A Review Journal Bringing Neurobiology,
Neurology and Psychiatry}, 17(1):18--24, February 2011.

\bibitem[Stu06]{Stueber2006}
Karsten Stueber.
\newblock {\em {Rediscovering Empathy: Agency, Folk Psychology, and the Human
Sciences}}.
\newblock MIT Press, 1 edition, 2006.

\bibitem[Stu08]{Stueber2008}
Karsten Stueber.
\newblock {Empathy}.
\newblock In Edward~N. Zalta, editor, {\em The Stanford Encyclopedia of
Philosophy}. Fall 2008 edition, 2008.

\bibitem[SV04]{Strapparava2004}
Carlo Strapparava and Alessandro Valitutti.
\newblock {WordNet-Affect: An Affective Extension of WordNet}.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of LREC}, volume~4, pages 1083--1086. ELRA,
Citeseer, 2004.

\bibitem[SW97]{Shaw1997}
Christopher~D. Shaw and Orion Wilson.
\newblock {Methods And Apparatuses For Controlling Transformation Of Two And
Three-Dimensional Images}, 1997.

\bibitem[SW00]{Shaw2000}
Christopher~D. Shaw and Orion Wilson.
\newblock {Methods and Apparatuses for Controlling Transformation of Two and
Three-Dimensional Images}, 2000.

\bibitem[{Swa}99]{Swanson1999}
K.~R. {Swanson, A. J., Pantalon, M. V., \& Cohen}.
\newblock {Motivational Interviewing and Treatment Adherence Among Psychiatric
and Dually Diagnosed Patients.}
\newblock {\em Journal of Nervous \& Mental Disease,}, 187:630--635, 1999.

\bibitem[TDR90]{Tickle-Degnen1990}
L.~Tickle-Degnen and Robert Rosenthal.
\newblock {The Nature of Rapport and its Nonverbal Correlates}.
\newblock {\em Psychological Inquiry}, 1(4):285--293, 1990.

\bibitem[THSh{\etalchar{+}}11]{Turunen2011}
Markku Turunen, Jaakko Hakulinen, Olov St\aa~hl, Bj\"{o}rn Gamb\"{a}ck, Preben
Hansen, Mari~C. {Rodr\'{\i}guez Gancedo}, Ra\'{u}l~Santos de~la C\'{a}mara,
Cameron Smith, Daniel Charlton, and Marc Cavazza.
\newblock {Multimodal and Mobile Conversational Health and Fitness Companions}.
\newblock {\em Computer Speech \& Language}, 25(2):192--209, April 2011.

\bibitem[TKMS03]{Toutanova2003}
Kristina Toutanova, Dan Klein, Christopher~D. Manning, and Yoram Singer.
\newblock Feature-Rich Part-Of-Speech Tagging with a Cyclic Dependency Network.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of the HLT-NAACL}, pp 252--259, 2003.

\bibitem[TRM{\etalchar{+}}08]{Thiebaux2008}
Marcus Thiebaux, Marina Rey, Andrew~N. Marshall, Stacy Marsella, and Marcelo
Kallmann.
\newblock {SmartBody: Behavior Realization for Embodied Conversational
Agents}.
\newblock In M\"{u}ller {Padgham, Parkes} and Parsons, editors, {\em Proceedings
of the 7th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems
(AAMAS'08)}, pp 12--16, Estoril, Portugal, 2008.
International Foundation for Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems
(www.ifaamas.org).

\bibitem[TRS09b]{Tracy2009}
Jessica~L. Tracy, Richard~W. Robins, and Roberta~A. Schriber.
\newblock {Development of a FACS-Verified Set of Basic and Self-Conscious
Emotion Expressions.}
\newblock {\em Emotion Washington Dc}, 9(4):554--559, 2009.

\bibitem[Tur95]{Turkle1995}
S.~Turkle.
\newblock {\em {Life on the Screen}}.
\newblock Simon \& Schuster, New York, 1995.

\bibitem[TW11]{Taigman2011}
Yaniv Taigman and Lior Wolf.
\newblock {Leveraging Billions of Faces to Overcome Performance Barriers in
Unconstrained Face Recognition}.
\newblock {\em Arxiv Preprint ArXiv:1108.1122}, 1(view 2):1--7, 2011.

\bibitem[UPI08]{Ullrich2008}
Sebastian Ullrich, Helmut Prendinger, and Mitsuru Ishizuka.
\newblock {MPML3D: Agent Authoring Language for Virtual Worlds}.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of the 2008 International Conference on Advances in Computer
Entertainment Technology (ACE '08)}, pp 134--137, Yokohama, Japan, 2008.
ACM.

\bibitem[{Van}03]{VanSwol2003}
Lyn~M. {Van Swol}.
\newblock {The Effects of Nonverbal Mirroring on Perceived Persuasiveness,
Agreement with an Imitator, and Reciprocity in a Group Discussion}.
\newblock {\em Communication Research}, 30(4):461--480, August 2003.

\bibitem[VbHKK04]{Vanbaaren2004}
Rick~B. Van~baaren, Rob~W. Holland, Kerry Kawakami, and Ad~Van Knippenberg.
\newblock {Mimicry and Prosocial Behavior}.
\newblock {\em Psychological Science}, 15(1):71--74, January 2004.

\bibitem[vBY05]{Breemen2005}
A.~van Breemen and X.~Yan.
\newblock {iCat: An Animated User-Interface Robot with Personality}.
\newblock {\em Proceedings of the fourth International Joint
Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (AAMAS'05)}, pp 143--144,
2005.

\bibitem[vdSHFD11]{VanderSchalk2011a}
J.~van~der Schalk, S.~T. Hawk, A.~H. Fischer, and B.~J. Doosje.
\newblock {Validation of the Amsterdam Dynamic Facial Expression Set (ADFES)}.
\newblock {\em Emotion}, 11:907--920, 2011.

\bibitem[Ver10]{Vernon2010}
M.L.~Vernon.
\newblock {A Review of Computer-Based Alcohol Problem Services Designed for the
General Public}.
\newblock {\em Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment}, 38(3):203--211, 2010.

\bibitem[VF10]{Vargas2010}
C.~Emilio Vargas and Debora Field.
\newblock {'How Was Your Day?’ An Architecture for Multimodal ECA
Systems}.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of the 11th Annual Meeting of the
Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue (SIGDIAL'10)}, pp 47--50, The
University of Tokyo, 2010. Association for Computational Linguistics.

\bibitem[VHFD11]{VanDerSchalk2011}
Job {Van Der Schalk}, Skyler~T. Hawk, Agneta~H. Fischer, and Bertjan Doosje.
\newblock {Moving Faces, Looking Places: Validation of the Amsterdam Dynamic
Facial Expression Set (ADFES).}
\newblock {\em Emotion Washington Dc}, 11(4):907--920, 2011.

\bibitem[VP10]{Valstar2010}
M.~Valstar and Maja Pantic.
\newblock {Induced Disgust, Happiness and Surprise: An Addition to the MMI
Facial Expression Database}.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of International Conference on Language Resources and
Evaluation, Workshop on EMOTION}, pp 65--70, Malta, 2010.

\bibitem[VS09]{Villagrasa2009}
S.~Villagrasa and A.~Sus\'{\i}n S\'{a}nchez.
\newblock {Face! 3d Facial Animation System Based on FACS}.
\newblock In O.~Rodr\'{\i}guez, F.~Ser\'{o}n, R.~Joan-Arinyo, J.~Madeiras,
J.~Rodr\'{\i}guez, and E.~Coto, editors, In {\em Proceedings of the American Symposium in
Computer Graphics (SIACG'09)}, pp 203--209, Isla Margarita, 2009.

\bibitem[Wal95]{Wallbott1995}
H.~G. Wallbott.
\newblock {Mutualities in Dialogue}.
\newblock In I.~Markova, C.~F. Graumann, and K.~Foppa, editors, {\em In 1st Eds}, volume Cambridge, Chapter Congruence, pp 82--98. Cambridge
University Press, 1995.

\bibitem[WG09]{Wang2009}
Ning Wang and Jonathan Gratch.
\newblock {Rapport and Facial Expression}.
\newblock In {\em 3rd International Conference on Affective Computing and
Intelligent Interaction and Workshops, 2009. ACII 2009}, pp 1--6,
Amsterdam, September 2009. IEEE.

\bibitem[WG10]{Wang2010}
Ning Wang and Jonathan Gratch.
\newblock {Don't Just Stare at Me!}
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of the 28th ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
(CHI'10)}, pages 1241--1249, Atlanta, GA, USA, 2010. ACM.

\bibitem[WH97]{Webster1997}
Jane Webster and Hayes Ho.
\newblock {Audience Engagement in Multimedia Presentations}.
\newblock {\em ACM SIGMIS Database}, 28(2):63--77, April 1997.

\bibitem[{WHO}11]{WHO2011}
{WHO World Health Organization}.
\newblock {Obesity and Overweight}, 2011.

\bibitem[WHT10]{Wolf2010}
Lior Wolf, Tal Hassner, and Yaniv Taigman.
\newblock {Effective Unconstrained Face Recognition by Combining Multiple
Descriptors and Learned Background Statistics.}
\newblock {\em IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence},
33:1--13, December 2010.

\bibitem[Wis87]{Wispe1987}
L.~Wisp\'{e}.
\newblock {History of the Concept of Empathy}.
\newblock In Nancy Einsenberg and Janet Strayer, editors, {\em Empathy and its
Development}, chapter~2, pages 17--37. Cambridge University Press, 1987.

\bibitem[WKP{\etalchar{+}}03]{Wicker2003}
Bruno Wicker, Christian Keysers, Jane Plailly, Jean~Pierre Royet, Vittorio
Gallese, and Giacomo Rizzolatti.
\newblock {Both of Us Disgusted in My Insula: the Common Neural Basis of Seeing
and Feeling Disgust.}
\newblock {\em Neuron}, 40(3):655--64, 2003.

\bibitem[WKS{\etalchar{+}}10]{White2010}
Angela White, David Kavanagh, Helen Stallman, Britt Klein, Frances Kay-Lambkin,
Judy Proudfoot, Judy Drennan, Jason Connor, Amanda Baker, Emily Hines, and
Ross Young.
\newblock {Online Alcohol Interventions: A Systematic Review.}
\newblock {\em Journal of Medical Internet Research}, 12(5):e62, January 2010.

\bibitem[WMS{\etalchar{+}}87]{Warner1987}
Rebecca~M. Warner, Daniel Malloy, Kathy Schneider, Russell Knoth, and Bruce
Wilder.
\newblock {Rhythmic Organization of Social Interaction and Observer Ratings of
Positive Affect and Involvement}.
\newblock {\em Journal of Nonverbal Behavior}, 11(2):57--74, 1987.

\bibitem[WP93]{Wierzbicki1993}
Michael Wierzbicki and Gene Pekarik.
\newblock {A Meta-Analysis of Psychotherapy Dropout.}
\newblock {\em Professional Psychology Research and Practice}, 24(2):190--195,
1993.

\bibitem[WR05]{Wojde2005}
A.~Wojdeł and L.J.M. Rothkrantz.
\newblock {Parametric Generation of Facial Expressions Based on FACS}.
\newblock {\em Computer Graphics Forum}, 24(4):743--757, 2005.

\bibitem[WS96]{Wiley1996}
Jack~W. Wiley and Christopher~D. Shaw.
\newblock {Tactile Interface Apparatus For Providing Physical Feedback To A
User Based On An Interaction With A Virtual Environment}, 1996.

\bibitem[WT00]{Ward2000}
Nigel Ward and Wataru Tsukahara.
\newblock {Prosodic Features Which Cue Back-Channel Responses in English and
Japanese}.
\newblock {\em Journal of Pragmatics}, 32(8):1177--1207, 2000.

\bibitem[YAL12]{Yasavur2012}
Ugan Yasavur, Reza Amini, and Christine~L. Lisetti.
\newblock {User Modeling for Pervasive Alcohol Intervention Systems}.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Recommendation Technologies
for Lifestyle Change 2012 (LIFESTYLE'12)}, pp 29--34, Dublin, Ireland,
2012.

\bibitem[YALR13]{Yasavur2013}
Ugan Yasavur, Reza Amini, Christine Lisetti, and Naphtali Rishe.
\newblock {Ontology-Based Named Entity Recognizer for Behavioral Health}.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of the 26th International FLAIRS Conference},
St Petersburg, FL, USA, 2013. AAAI Press.

\bibitem[ZMI89]{Zajonc1989}
R.~B. Zajonc, S.~T. Murphy, and M.~Inglehart.
\newblock {Feeling and Facial Efference: Implications of the Vascular Theory of
Emotion.}
\newblock {\em Psychological review}, 96(3):395--416, July 1989.

\bibitem[ZWRE92]{Zahn-waxler1992}
Carolyn Zahn-Waxler, JoAnn~L. Robinson, and Robert~N. Emde.
\newblock {The Development of Empathy in Twins.}
\newblock {\em Developmental Psychology}, 28(6):1038--1047, 1992.

\end{thebibliography}